How to find me on google

The software that runs this whole blog/website business allows me to find out what search engines people used to reach my site, and what their search phrases were. Not surprisingly, most searches are things like “Kenneth Woods, conductor” or “conductor blog woods.” 

Today was a new one-  “podium sex”  Do I now have to go through the whole archive here trying to find the phrase “podium sex?” Please- podium sex person, what were you thinking????????

What next- should I start writing ”podium sex” in every blog entry to improve my search ranking? Can I ask all my readers to google “podium sex” and click on the link to my site to improve my standing? Can I get this reblogged on “PodiumSexReblog.net?” Should I just stack this one entry with ridiculous references to podium sex? What is podium sex? Why would someone google podium sex? Why would they go down through pages and pages of results until they get to me when the search for podium sex? Are you searching for podium sex? KW  c. 2006 Kenneth Woods 

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KCYO Stage Two

Day three of KCYO, and I’m well knackered.

At this point, I can report the orchestra is getting better, even getting fantastic in places. I can also report my wasp sting seems to be getting worse- the giant red welt that I didn’t get on Monday has appeared today, and is swelling and getting itchier and itchier- I feel very dignified standing in front of 90 musicians with a big red bump on my throat… I think it will be a turtleneck tomorrow.

I had a little bonus activity first thing today. Geoff’s bass tutor had to withdraw late in the game, and his last-second replacement couldn’t do today. As a result, I had the rare privilege (for me, at least) of starting my morning with a double bass sectional. Fortunately, I do know a bit of bass, having occasionally taught it in earlier years, but they didn’t know that. We worked tons on intonation, not because the play out of tune (they don’t), but because the whole orchestra can only play as in tune as the bass section. You’d think that most of the sectionals are very focused on instrumental minutiae, but actually 90% of what the coaches do is just working on musicianship and the music, as and conductor would. The difference is that, in those few instances where there is a specifically instrumental challenge, they have the experience and expertise to quickly sort it out. I think it would be fine for any conductor to lead any sectional (and I’ve done most of them at some point), but it is definitely to everyone’s advantage that we don’t lead all the sectionals.

We (I, actually) had a distinguished visitor from London at rehearsal this morning who was in to see my conducting- one always wants to do well when distinguished colleagues are present, but my approach is always to take every rehearsal as seriously as possible, so when high powers are watching, you don’t have to do anything differently. I don’t know if it works, but that’s my approach.  Anyway, it was very nice of him to come, and we had a pleasant lunch afterwards at the wonderful Star and Eagle. Time will tell what he really thought of it.

The evening rehearsal found everyone in really high spirits- the players are really in festival mode by this point, and you can tell. All the announcements were punctuated with lots of laughter, so it seemed a pity to start the rehearsal with Martinu’s Memorial to Lidice.

The Martinu was written in 1943 when Martinu, a Czech living in the USA, learned that the village of Lidice had been completely exterminated by the Nazi’s as retribution for the assassination of one of their commandants in Prague. Martinu’s genius in this piece is to complete avoid any hint of descriptive music- he purposely avoids a musical depiction of the atrocity. Instead, the work unfolds in one great paragraph, deeply somber, but never sentimental. It’s eight minutes of music that can change your life.

We said goodbye to the coaches today. It is inspiring to see the bond that forms between the players and their mentors in so short a time, although many have worked together on past courses. In such a frantic few days there is no way I could say I got to properly know them all, but I have met some new friends here, which is always good, and discovered some great artists, which is even better. It seems a little desolate with them gone, but it means I get more time with the orchestra, and that is a good thing for me.

c. 2006 Kenneth Woods

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KCYO Stage One

This is my second visit to the Kent County Youth Orchestra. I was here in the spring of 2005 and did a huge program with them- Shostakovich Tenth Symphony, Tchaikovsky’s Francesca da Rimini and the Liadov Eight Russian Folks Songs. I’ve been looking forward to seeing them again all summer. 

I spent the night before the course at a local pub- the food there is marvelous and I got a very good night’s sleep. Geoff, the manager, had warned me before hand about sections where there had been a lot of turnover since last time, so I was pleasantly surprised to see that it’s almost the same group as last year. That is a doubly good thing- I liked the students as people a lot last year, and, with another year of study under their belts, they all have grown as players. 

For the first three days of the course, we alternate between sectionals and full orchestra rehearsals. It’s a great system, made better by the fact that Geoff assembles one of the best faculties in the universe, with musicians from the Philharmonia , London Philharmonic, Royal Philharmonic, BBC Symphony Orchestra, English National Opera, Royal Opera Covent Garden, London Mozart Players and a couple top London free-lancers working with the students on each instrument (actually you could list almost every British orchestra and many international ones, since most of them have played in several bands). Under their guidance, the young players progress amazingly quickly. 

Even so, though, they could only cover a tiny bit of the super-epic Rachmaninov Second Symphony before we read it in the afternoon, and I think it was pretty obvious to everyone in the room when we got to the music that nobody had looked at- there was a drastic fall off in the second movement, and the last, very difficult, movement sounded, well, like a bunch of people playing it who’d never heard or played it before, which was exactly what it was. 

It was a slightly funny feeling for me- I haven’t conducted in an unusually long time, and it’s a bit odd to lift your hands after so many weeks and get all this noise as a result. It can be a complete sensory overload. 

After another sectional we spend the evening reading the other three pieces- Dvorak’s Noonday Witch, Martinu’s Memorial to Lidice and Smetana’s Die Moldau. As it happens, we arrived to find that there was a huge wasp infestation in the rehearsal hall, and by the evening, said wasps were ready for us to leave. I was stung about halfway through the Smetana, a first for me in a rehearsal, and spent the rest of the evening wondering if I had a giant welt on my neck. I’m amazed the whole thing didn’t fall completely apart when I was slapping my neck and head frantically trying to get rid of my attacker- maybe they really aren’t watching…. It turns out they also got a couple of students as well. 

As day two began, Geoff postponed the morning rehearsal to the evening so that the exterminators could sort the wasps out, which means I’m completely free until two pm. I spend some of that time studying and some watching the sectionals. I love watching sectionals, especially at this level. There’s always something to learn, like what the Hunt music in the Moldau sounds like when the horns play it without using the valves. Even cooler is just to hear the separate parts of a piece like the Rachmaninov. It’s so dense from beginning to end that no conductor or recording engineer could ever make all his beautiful detail come through audibly- the only way to really appreciate every little color and special touch is to hear each part. 

My work on day one was mostly a hack-fest- I feel it’s important to get through all the music the first day, as we only have a week to prepare the entire program, but it means that my main job is just to get them to the double-bar. It’s not particularly satisfying, although you do get some magical moments when the orchestra arrives for the first time at some spectacular bit of the piece. However, in our first working rehearsal I’m finally able to get my hands dirty, and it is amazing how much one can accomplish in ninety minutes with motivated, talented and serious young people. The extra sectional this morning means that we can move even faster than we might otherwise have done.

c. 2006 Kenneth Woods 

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Error in the skies

Here’s an important piece from Steven Isserlis on the ever-worsening travel situation for musicians in and out of Britain. Let me state this clearly- these new rules have nothing to do with safety. I’ve been through several worst case scenarios with airlines because of my cello over the years- it’s led to missed flights, lost gigs, and worst, several thousands of dollars in restoration costs to my 370 year-old instrument. Hard to believe it just got worse, but it did.

After 9/11 the US authorities briefly tried something similar before Congress actually stepped in to restore sanity (how often does that happen???). Delta actually makes a policy of flouting US law by refusing carriage to instruments on many of their flights, and they’ve been blacklisted by the union as a result. If you love music, write your legislator, your aviation authority and your airline, and let them know how you feel about this.

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Fortune has turned

A new review of the recently-release chamber music CD “Fortune Has Turned,” which is a collection of chamber works by American composer Chris Lastovica. We recorded my parts in one night about 5 years ago in Cincinnati- my contribution was really profoundly minimal, but I do like the piece. You can hear a sample of our track here.

The CD already earned the kind words of Fanfare Magazine-

“[Fortune Has Turned] announces a distinct and clear voice … There is no denying [Lastovicka's] skill and potential …. there is a real sense of power and refined craft.”  -Peter Burwasser, Fanfare Magazine, July/Aug 2006

c. 2006 Kenneth Woods

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Upcoming Concert- Kent County Youth Orchestra, September 2nd, 2006

September 2 2006, 7:30 PM
Mote Hall, Maidstone
 

Kent County Youth Orchestra

Kenneth Woods, conductor


Programme-
Smetana- Die Moldau
Dvorak- Noonday Witch
Martinu- Memorial to Lidice
Rachmaninoff- Symphony no. 2

KENT COUNTY YOUTH ORCHESTRA (KCYO)
President- Sir Simon Rattle CEB
Patron- Sir Peter Maxwell Davies CBE

Since its formation in 1963, Kent County Youth Orchestra has consistently been acclaimed at home and abroad for its outstanding performances of an impressive range of orchestral masterpieces. Today it is a key part of
Kent Music School‘s provision for talented young musicians aged between 13 and 21. The orchestra’s success stems from exceptionally positive esprit de corps, players’ enthusiasm and commitment, and the skill and dedication of the leading professional musicians involved in their training. Many tutors are ex-KCYO players: all have substantial experience with orchestras of world renown.

Performing with top international soloists and guest conductors also enhances achievement. Over recent years the orchestra has worked with Stephen Barlow, Martyn Brabbins, Peter Stark, Chris Adey, Brian Wright, Ian Bousfield, Robert Cohen, Peter Donohoe, Evelyn Glennie, Barry Griffiths, Fiona Kim, John Lill, Joanna MacGregor, Paul Beniston, Paul Silverthorne and John Wallis. Sponsorship helps fund the engagement of such quality artists as well as the purchase of the best specialist instruments and equipment. KCYO usually promotes three public concerts a year. Occasionally one is broadcast by BBC Radio 3 or Radio Kent. The orchestra has been engaged to give concerts for other promoters such as The National Trust, Kent Red Cross, Thanet and Sandwich Rotary Clubs and The Yehudi Menuhin International Violin Competition. The orchestra has been televised for a BBC Television education series and over recent years  produced two CD’s.

In 1998, KCYO look part in a new production of Britten’s Peter Grimes. In the same year, it won a prestigious Sainsbury’s Youth Orchestra Series award. In 1999, the orchestra gave its main series of concerts in Maidstone and featured again at the Canterbury Festival with former BBC Young Musician of the Year - Freddie Kempf. The year 2000 saw soloists of world renown playing with KCYO; Joanna MacGregor and Evelyn Glennie. On Easter Saturday 2001, KCYO and a Chorus of 500 singers from Kent performed Beethoven’s 9th Symphony (The Choral) at The Royal Albert Hall in a concert jointly sponsored by Kent County Council, BBC Radio Kent, Kent Messenger Group Newspapers and Kent Music School. CD’s and Video’s are available of this concert.

KCYO undertakes regular foreign concert tours when players become musical ambassadors for Kent and the UK. In recent years, KCYO has represented the county and country in Argentina (twice), Brazil (twice), Catalonia, France (twice), Holland and Portugal. The high profile visits to Argentina were promoted by the world-famous Teatro Colon Opera House and sponsored by The British Council. In August 2002 KCYO travelled to Italy to take part in the 4th International Festival of European Youth Orchestras. Concert programmes comprise works from the standard symphonic repertoire but new music is sometimes commissioned too, the most recent being Tommy Pearson’s Rant.  This was work premiered on 5th January 2003 in Mote Hall, MaidstonePrevious commissions have been Paul Patterson’s White Shadows on a Dark Horizon , Nigel Osborne’s Tracks , Simon Proctor’s Trombone and Viola Concertos and Tommy Pearson’s Time Dances. Tommy, once a percussionist in the orchestra, is now a familiar BBC Radio 3 presenter. Many other former members hold prominent positions in the music profession as orchestral players, teachers or as concert promoters. Several players have achieved notable success in BBC Young Musician of the Year competitions whilst still members of the orchestra. 
   
 
 

 

 

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New Yorker Conducting Piece

For all you conducting dorks out there- 

The New Yorker has a piece this week by Justin Davidson on the art of conducting. As an added bonus, they’ve posted a very good video piece to accompany it. Those of you who know the “Art of Conducting” films well will recognize a number of the clips, but the commentary is a nice addition. Especially good is the slow-motion of Karajan doing Heldenleben. 

Speaking of the New Yorker, a thank you is in order to Alex Ross, classical critic of the New Yorker, for adding a link to this page from his blog The Rest is Noise. Alex was Gramophone’s first classical blogger of the month. 

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Blondes

Best first six paragraphs in an article I’ve read in a long time, from this piece in Salon today- 

Three blondes have albums coming out in August: Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson and … yes, Paris Hilton, have already dropped their various single droppings into the Clear Channel pop airwaves, with full albums following. 

This raises questions: How do we tell them apart? And, for that matter, how do we know that any of them aren’t Ashlee Simpson? 

All three “singers” are “blonde.” At least two have had nose jobs, and at least two have had breast enhancements. Two are more famous for having sex than they are for singing. One is more famous than the other two for urinating in taxicabs because she dislikes public restrooms. And none of them are Ashlee Simpson — but, squinting with both eyes and ears until only the clap track, white head and boobies are apparent … can it really be said that any of them are actually not Ashlee Simpson? 

Lastly, why does this locustlike proliferation of blondes seem to somehow be … a Republican plot

Conventional beauty has long been attainable for anyone willing to throw enough time, effort and cash at it. If there is one thing we have learned from great Hollywood makeup artists like the late Kevyn Aucoin, just about anyone without severe craniofacial deformities can look TV sexy with enough lighting, spackle, tweezing and shellac, if they are properly blow-dried and in a comely mood. Add D cups, rhinoplasty and peroxide, and the world is your birthday pony. 

If the advent of J.Lo taught us anything, it was that Madonna was no anomaly: If you can shake your bon-bon with enough Will to Power, it is entirely unnecessary for a pop star to be able to sing. With enough audio pancake concealer, multiple track layerings, a loose reverb wrist, 130 beats per minute and a sweaty cleavage video, the ordinary bleatings of any leaky sex doll can become a virtual cash cow of spring-break anthems.” 

Amen… 

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Connections

One thing I like about blogging is that I can feel free to contradict myself. 

Concerts matter.   We’ve got to deliver. The best way to advance classical music is to give better concerts.” 

Thus spake me…. 

I still believe that, but there are many examples of conductors of great skill who were beloved by their musicians, yet who were unable to translate their great artistic gifts into a vibrant organization. 

I recently had the chance to visit with an elderly relative, someone who’s intelligence I’ve always admired since I was a young child. During our visit, I was more than a little surprised to discover that she has become a regular watcher of a TV pundit/screaming-head, who’s views and approach I find (and I would have expected her to find) despicable. 

As we discussed the issue, it became clear that what drew her to this particular personality was his very direct way of speaking to his audience, as if he were having a conversation with them every day. What to me looks like rather ham-fisted manipulation techniques can be quite effective over time with an audience. Why? 

I can’t help believe that our current social structure has created a very profound sense of alienation and isolation for many citizens- few things are more appealing to audiences than a sense of connection. 

Orchestras can offer immediacy by the bucket full, and yet, sometimes, we don’t connect. Our marketing is often a problem- we tend to advertise via platitude. I personally loathe “adjective advertising,” including such misleading ads (real ones) as “Tchaikovsky’s thrilling 6th” and “Mahler’s Exultant 6th.” Truth in advertising??? 

Artistically, we have to accept that part of what makes a great concert is the impact it has on the audience- musicians, conductor… we all have to connect. A performance is more than just the execution of musical instructions, it is a communicative act, and we have to all be ready to get our hands a little dirty to help make that communication happen.

Making that connection is a powerful tool. Once an audience member feels that there is a bond between them and the orchestra, they can be fiercely loyal friends, but just as with our personal friends, we should always remember to treat there friendship as something of great value, not to be violated. 

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Delivering

In my post yesterday I was trying to make the point that when you compare top conductor salaries to other persons in elite positions throughout the professional world, they don’t look so massive. Also I made the point that in professional orchestras, the difference between front-line employees (orchestral musicians) and top management (MD and ED) is quite small compared to other fields. I think this is a good thing- the differences between the haves and have-nots in this society have become truly obscene. I do think that in music the gap between haves and have-nots across organizations are unseemly at best.

In my last post on this, I made the argument that the folks at the top of the food chain deserve to make big money- just as their peers in other fields do. However, being at the top of the food chain in any field carries an awesome responsibility. When a world famous soloist comes and plays a recital in a university town, he or she might charge as much as $70,000 for a single performance. That is probably twice what the full-time music faculty in the community make in a year, and more than the music-department budget for rentals, guest artists and master classes for a decade. If they happen to play magnificently, even transcendently, it can lift the whole community’s sense of what music is worth and spur investment in local music education, the university, the orchestra. However, should that instrumentalist come in and play like they are bored to tears and anxious to get back to their burgeoning conducting career (everybody has one these days!), or, worse yet, if their intonation sounds like they’ve been studying scores rather than practicing scales, the effect on the whole community can be catastrophic.

I guess the interesting question for me when looking at those who have the good fortune to be paid extraordinarily well is this– Are they lifting the boat for everyone by making their work a beacon to the industry and the larger society, or are they not delivering the goods?

Take an instance which is more subtle than just money. Gergiev is one of the few conductors out their who really rules his own castle- Kirov marches to his tune top to bottom, but when you look at what that institution has done over the last 15 years it is hard to say he hasn’t delivered the goods. He’s become an example of how letting the artists control, or at least have a visionary voice in, the direction of an artistic institution can work not only artistically but financially, and maybe that means that other organizations are more likely to go that route as opposed to creating layers of bureaucracy in administration.

However, how many boards, orchestra musicians, volunteers and music lovers have been let down by someone who didn’t deliver the goods?

Concerts matter. Results matter.

We’ve got to deliver. The best way to advance classical music is to give better concerts.

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Conductor and musician salaries- show we the money

From the archives-

Written for O-list in 2004 for a discussion about music director salaries. The debate was sparked by a NY Times piece on top music director salaries (everyone else was in agreement that they were overpaid), and I decided to take the devil’s advocate point of view and make the argument that, in the context of our times, even the top conductors, and orchestra musicians, are underpaid.
Finally have time to put in my very brief two cents on this rather contentious issue…
 
Before we get too bent out of shape looking at Barenboim and Maazel’s salaries, maybe we should look at what the top paid members of other professions make. How would their salary compare to the top lawyer, banker, real estate broker, basketball player, football coach, college football coach, stock broker, Enron execuctive, etc? Before we say that those comparisons aren’t valid because orchestras are non-profit, remember that most business and all athletic endeavors receive their own forms of government subsidy and tax exemption as well. Most professional sports teams play in multi-hundred million dollar stadiums financed by tax payers, and most big corporations receive huge tax breaks from state and federal governments to encourage them to locate in the communities where they are based.

Finally have time to put in my very brief two cents on this rather contentious issue… Before we get too bent out of shape looking at Barenboim and Maazel’s salaries, maybe we should look at what the top paid members of other professions make. How would their salary compare to the top lawyer, banker, real estate broker, basketball player, football coach, college football coach, stock broker, Enron execuctive, etc? Before we say that those comparisons aren’t valid because orchestras are non-profit, remember that most business and all athletic endeavors receive their own forms of government subsidy and tax exemption as well. Most professional sports teams play in multi-hundred million dollar stadiums financed by tax payers, and most big corporations receive huge tax breaks from state and federal governments to encourage them to locate in the communities where they are based.I’ve often said that money is the most important and tangible way in which our modern society measures value, whether we like it or not. Right now, as a society we think that bench warmer or a basketball team is worth at least five times what the best paid orchestra musician in the country is. We’ve decided that an exotic dancer is worth more than a public school teacher, and that a lawyer for a tobacco company is worth more than a Nobel laureate at a major research university. I think we can make a good case that conductors should be paid a hell of a lot more.

I also think orchestra musicians should be paid a hell of a lot more, not because they are being treated unfairly relative to conductors and administrators, but because their contribution to society is worth more. If you look at the difference in salary between a music director and a section player and compare that with the difference between a corporate executive and a front line employee in almost any other field, you’ll see that in music the gap is very, very small (this is not a moral point- I believe that it would be better that all business reduced that range, but in our society, the large gap is the norm, and failing to reflect that norm infers that our leaders are worth less than those in other fields). Especially when you take NY and Chicago out of the equation, American MDs look almost suspiciously generous. Poor Robert Spano, making only five times ASO base pay! Can you imagine that happening at GE or Ford????????

Of course, orchestras could move away from their current rather corporate structures and instead move to a model more like a sports team- after all, in professional sports leagues, players often earn more than their coaches. On the other hand, they have no long-term job security, and have to negotiate their contracts as free agents. Do musicians want that level of permanent insecurity? If musicians want to make the case for a new model to the business leaders who make up boards, we’d need to really present it as a whole different way of doing business, because most board members have spent their professional lives working in traditional, hierarchical organizations

No, I would contend that society ought to pay us all, players and conductors, even critics, a lot more, but that realistically we ought to be in line way behind teachers, nurses, medical technicians, university professors, agricultural workers and the people who clean and maintain our workplaces.

At least top US orchestra musicians can take comfort in being paid almost twice what many British musicians make for about half the work. Hopefully instead of fighting among ourselves, we can be more effective in convincing people to think about how the ways in which they spend their money expresses society’s values, and that we need them to vote for he importance of music and culture.

c. 2004 Kenneth Woods

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Ullmann String Quartet No. 3

Contrary to popular perception, I believe that relevance is one of the great strengths of classical music.

At it’s best, music can reflect human experience at it’s most personal, most historic, most universal, most tragic and most humorous. Because it is unhampered by the limitations of written language- where the most powerful words tend to lose their impact all too easily- abstract music can cut to the very truth of experience in a way that never dates.

In the 20th Century, it was classical music that was often at the center of our search for meaning in the great events of our time- Shostakovich is the great example of a composer who’s music became the journal of his time, but there are countless others who had the ability to speak to the great issues of the time. Britten’s War Requiem brought the truth of war into the concert hall, Copland’s great works gave America a sense of destiny and possibility when it was weakened by the depression and the war.

Today, critics and musicians often react with suspicion when  a composer chooses a contemporary subject, such as 9/11, for their work, but music has a unique ability to turn the most horrific human tragedies into art that heals, inspires and improves those who come to know it.

Below is an essay I wrote two years ago about just such a piece, Viktor Ullmann’s Third Quartet.
 

Viktor Ullmann- String Quartet No. 3
(arr. for string orchestra by Kenneth Woods)

Viktor Ullmann’s String Quartet no. 3 was completed on January 18, 1943, in the final part of a career that began with him acknowledged as one of the great hopes of German musical life, and ended in his murder at the hands of racist fanatics.

In his early career, he studied and apprenticed under Schoenberg and Zemlinsky, and his early works, especially his Schoenberg Variations op 3a (1926), attracted attention throughout Europe. A passionate humanitarian with a deep interest in literature, culture and philosophy, Ullmann took a partial hiatus from composition to study the anthroposophical philosophy of Rudolf Steiner. In 1932 he and his second wife bought a bookshop in Stuttgart where they traded primarily in books on philosophy and humanism.  Only months after the purchase of the bookstore, Hitler seized power and the Ullmanns fled to Prague.

In 1933 he began work on his most significant piece to date, an opera that would eventually become “The Fall of the Antichrist,” a work he completed in 1935.  This masterpiece would be the crowing achievement of his prewar years, and yet it was to be the events of WW II that would spur him on to his very greatest artistic accomplishments.

Ullmann was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto outside Prague in 1942. He was one of a handful of extraordinary creative geniuses in the ghetto, including the composers Gideon Klein, Pavel Haas and Hans Krasa. Never a particularly prolific composer in his earlier years, Ullmann composed a stunning volume of work during the two years he was in Theresienstadt, including piano sonatas, chamber music and a second opera, “The Emperor of Atlantis.”

Just hours before being deported to Auschwitz on October 16, 1944 some friends convinced him to leave his compositions behind.  It is believed Viktor Ullmann was murdered in the gas chamber at Auschwitz on October 18, 1944.

‘For me Theresienstadt has been, and remains, an education in form. Previously, when one did not feel the weight and pressure of material life, because modern conveniences – those wonders of civilization – had dispelled them, it was easy to create beautiful forms. Here where matter has to be overcome through form even in daily life, where everything of an artistic nature is the very antithesis of one’s environment – here, true mastery lies in seeing, with Schiller, that the secret of the art-work lies in the eradication of matter through form: which is presumably, indeed, the mission of man altogether, not only of aesthetic man but also of ethical man.

“All that I would stress is that Theresienstadt has helped, not hindered, me in my musical work, that we certainly did not sit down by the waters of Babylon and weep, and that our desire for culture was matched by our desire for life; and I am convinced that all those who have striven, in life and in art, to wrest form from resistant matter will bear me out.’
            ~ Viktor Ullmann, 1944

The Third Quartet can in many ways be seen as a culmination of Ullmann’s development as a composer. In it one finds an exemplary balance of rigor and passion, a compelling formal logic, and a wealth of beautiful melodic writing.Although the work unfolds in a single musical span, its structure can easily be divided into a traditional four-movement structure where each of the four movements is linked by sophisticated motivic inter-relations.

The first movement, Allegro moderato is primarily lyrical in character and full of wonderfully luxurious harmonic writing, lightened at one point by a wonderfully waltz-like melody. The second, Presto, is ferocious and violent in much the same way as the second movement of Shotakovich’s famous Eighth Quartet. If the first movement has introduced the protagonists of our story, then the second has brought us music fit for the vilest villains. The before the third movement begins Ullmann brings back a passionate and despairing reminiscence of the first movement- what was nostalgia in the first movement is now transformed into genuine despair. The third movement, Largo, is truly the work’s heart of darkness, beginning with a fugue of desolate and unrelenting intensity. The waltz theme of the first movement here returns full of sadness.

Like the Presto before it, the character of the Rondo Finale is overwhelmingly antagonistic, violent and often terrifying, and is built from a horrific manipulation of the theme of the first movement. However, just when all is despair, Ullmann brings back the music of the first  movement in the shape we first encountered it,  but nostalgia replaced by defiance and regret replaced by passion. A voice of passionate defiance from within the walls of the concentration camp at midnight of humanity’s darkest hour? If ever any person wrote truly courageous music, it was surely Ullmann and this is surely that music.

c. 2004 by Kenneth Woods

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Signifying ?

I want to thank A.C. Douglas, host of the always-readable blog Sounds and Fury for adding me to his blogroll this week. Mr. Douglas has a particular interest and expertise in the music of Wagner, and his post today does have a Wagner angle, but it’s most interesting for the way in which he captures so perfectly the horrific magic of a social occasion gone horribly wrong. It sort of reads as a real-life, classical-music Curb Your Enthusiasm episode. 

 

In any case, a big thank you to him. 

 

I’m sorry content has been a bit thin this week- I’ve been traveling and have not had much chance to work at the computer. Check in tomorrow for something substantial, I promise. 

 

KW 

 

 

c. 2006 Kenneth Woods 

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What is Zen conducting?

I seem to have a habit of referring to some conductors as Zen masters, and a friend recently asked what the hell I mean by this.

First, though a disclaimer- I would never begin to claim any particular philosophical experitise or deep understanding of the true tenants of Zen Buddhism. Any real practitioner will surely recognize that this discussion is just a Westerner’s crude usage of Zen as a reference point for discussion, and nothing more.

I tend to think there are two kinds of good conductors, generator/inspirers and Zen masters. The generator/inspirers include people like Bernstein, Gergiev and Rattle. The generator/inspirer uses his/her technique to generate the passion, the excitement, the drive the direction of the performance. They create the performance

Actually, I don’t think there is any such thing as a true, complete Zen master condcutor. In the near Zen master category, I would put Karajan, Celibidache (when he was old), Mravrinsky, Klemperer, Furtwangler and Stokowksi. The Zen master tends to use her/his technique to generate sound. They create the music

This is not to say that Zen conducting does not address questions of articulation, rhythmic drive and ensemble, or that generator/inspirer conducting ignores the importance of color and blend at all. However, I feel that the two approaches stem from a fundamentally different concept of the actual act of conducting. (Of course, I can’t know what the goals of the above named conductors were or are, I just know what I perceive when I watch them).

Think of generator/inspirer conducting as the art of motion- for each musical idea or event in the score, the conductor creates a movement that expresses the character of the event to the orchestra. Musical intent is translated into motion. Motion becomes performance.

Now think of Zen conducting as the art of space. Each musical idea or event becomes manifest primarily in the nature of the space in which the conductor moves. Musical intent is translated into space. Space becomes music.

Almost all good conductors (including all but one of the ones listed above) actually balance these two approaches. For the generator/inspirer a lack of meaningful space would cause them to flail about recklessly in way that would get a hideous sound from the orchestra, and for the zen conductor, an inattention to gesture could lead to the destruction of the space they have created.

 It is a musical truism that the size and character of a motion will correspond to the size and character of the sound it produces. A string player who begins a bow stroke with a heavy attack, an explosive motion and a large arm motion will bet a corresponding heavy, explosive and powerful sound. While the parallels between these motions and those of conductor should be obvious to anyone (and I’m always imploring young conductors to think about the motion of the bow when conducting strings) the parallel is less obvious, but even more important when conducting brass or singers. When it is only the motion of air we’re talking about, as opposed the motion of the body, the need for conceptualization becomes more important.

The loudest sound in an orchestra performance is often a fortissimo brass entrance. How might the conductor’s motion relate to act of brass playing here in a way analogous to the string stroke I mentioned above? The brass players aren’t really moving their bodies that much when they play-they’re breathing and they’re thinking. Most brass players will tell you that in addition to conditioning, airflow, embouchure, the real power in that moment comes from concept. Likewise, the conductor must have concept.

In string playing, there are three basic factors that affect the quality and quantity of sound you hear- bow speed, bow weight and contact point. Bow speed is the easiest to grasp for everyone- we can all recognize a whole bow when we see one. However, the other two factors are much more powerful in how they affect the sound. It is obvious a how a conductor can indicate for the strings to use more or less bow, but not obvious how he/she can indicate a heavier bow or a contact point closer to the bridge or more over the fingerboard. Here again, concept is the key.

One can move more quickly or slowly between beats, or show a heavier or lighter articulation, make larger or smaller gestures, make rounder or more direct motions between beats, and all of these will have a tangible affect on the sound the orchestra makes. On the other hand, if you can actually make the sound itself visible in your space, and let changes in your gestures be the outgrowth of the tactile sense of moving in different stuff, I think your control of the sound becomes much more vivid and powerful. The true Zen master conductor is one whose concept of the sound is unmistakably alive and perceptible to every member of the orchestra at every moment in the performance, and one who never allows a gesture to destroy the coherency of their conductor’s space.
 
In fact, if we say that Zen conducting is about space rather than motion, it might be easy to infer that the most powerful Zen conducting would use as little motion as possible, but this is an oversimplification. Remember, the size and character of motion ought to relate as exactly to the size and character of the sound. Instead, Zen conducting tends to invlove less motion for two reasons. First, the risk of any motion disrupting or destroying the meaning of the space is so great that it makes to sense to clutter up that space with any gestures that arent’ absolutely needed. Secondly, as it is the tactile response one’s motion through an ever changing space that shows sound, the conductor must learn to listen with his/her hands. Again, if one gets too busy, there is no room in your awareness for feeling and responding to the changes in the energy of your conducting space.

 

The conductor makes sound by making space
The conductor makes space by allowing the space to exist
The conductor allows space to exist by responding to the existence of the space

The space exists because you are aware of it
 

 

c. 2006 Kenneth Woods

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